Sustainable Energy Development and Innovation : Selected Papers from the World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC) 2020.

Intro -- Proceedings of World Renewable Energy Congress - 20 -- Introduction -- Contents -- Part I: Photovoltaic Technology -- Innovation in Solar Technology: Toward a 100% Renewable Electricity Future -- 1 Introduction and Historical Setting -- 2 Evolution in Photovoltaics: Production, Shipments, and Installations -- 2.1 Where Is this PV Coming from? -- 2.2 Where Is this PV Product Being Used? -- 3 PV Technology Trends -- 3.1 Current Commercial PV -- 3.2 The PV Technology Device Landscape -- 4 The Future: Evolution or Revolution? -- 4.1 The Issues: Pandemic and the Economy -- 4.2 The Terawatt Challenge -- 4.3 Solar PV: Penetrating the Greater Energy Sectors -- 5 Summary -- References -- Advancements in High-Performance Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal Solar Collector Technology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Established Research and Designs of PVT Systems -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- Photovoltaics Versus Fossil Fuel: Financial Feasibility Model for Expansion of Access to Electricity in Off-Grid Regions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Electricity Supply and Demand in Off-Grid Regions -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Model Development and Parameters -- 4 Data Sources and Case Study -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 5.1 Investment, Operation and Maintenance Costs -- 5.2 Energy Consumption: Benchmarks and Costs -- 5.3 Sensitivity Analysis -- 6 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Comparison Analysis of Potential and Distribution of Photovoltaic Power in Five Open-Pit Mines in North Korea -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Results -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Optimal Ratio of Battery to PV Module Voltage for Efficient Operation of Direct-Coupled PV System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Solar PV Model -- 2.2 Electrical Data Sheet of Polycrystalline -- 2.3 NCA Battery Model -- 2.4 Load Profile -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Optimal Solar PV Module.

4 Optimal Ratio of Battery to Maximum Power Point PV Voltages -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Test of a Series of Solar Panels Set on a Parabolic Roof -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Studies in Wind Tunnel -- 3 PV Installation Model -- 3.1 Results Obtained and Their Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Nanostructured P-N Junctions and Photoconductive Cells for Thermal Energy Conversion -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimental -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Evaluation of Omani Experience in Using Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Stations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimental Setup -- 2.1 System Description -- 2.2 PV Plant Performance Analysis -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Investigation of the Effect of Annealing Temperature of Perovskite Layer on Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Sample Preparation -- 2.2 Characterization of Perovskite Solar Cell -- 3 Result and Discussion -- 3.1 Characterizations of the Fabricated Devices -- 3.1.1 X-Ray Diffraction and Optical Properties -- 3.1.2 Morphological Analysis -- 3.2 Electrical Characteristics -- 3.3 Stability of the Fabricated Cells -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Characterization of Photovoltaic (PV) Modules Under Real Operating Conditions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Effects of the Real Operating Conditions on the Performance of PV Modules -- 3 Effects of Solar Irradiance -- 4 Effects of Temperature -- 5 Spectral Effects -- 6 Angle of Incidence -- 7 The Experiment -- 8 Results and Discussion -- References -- Standalone Photovoltaic System for Boys Hostel at Fiji National University, Natabua Campus, Fiji -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Photovoltaic Generator/System -- 3 PV Standalone System Description for Boys Hostel -- 4 System Sizing -- 5 Size and Specification of Battery -- 6 Specification of the PV Array.

7 Specifying a Controller -- 8 Specifying Inverter -- 9 Sizing the System Wiring -- 10 Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Solar Thermal, Heat Pumps and Geothermal Energy -- Analysis of a Novel Thermochemical de-NOx Cycle with Composite Multi-Halide Sorbent -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Principle of Thermochemical de-NOx Cycle -- 3 Experiments -- 3.1 Materials -- 3.2 Experimental Test Unit -- 3.3 Test Procedure -- 3.4 Test Results -- 3.4.1 Equilibrium for Thermodynamics (Sorption Capacity, Hysteresis) -- 3.4.2 Cycle Characteristics Comparison -- Starting Temperature of the Desorption Process -- Thermal Efficiency -- Available Ammonia Storage Density -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Development of Innovative Technologies for Solar-Assisted Heat Pump for Residential Heat Supply -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Heat Pump Development for SAHP -- 2.1 Solar-Assisted Air Source Heat Pump (SAASHP) Systems -- 2.2 Solar-Ground Source Heat Pump (SAGSHP) -- 3 Photovoltaic/Thermal (PVT) with Heat Pump -- 3.1 Development of PVT with HP -- 3.2 SAHP Enhanced with PCM Integrated for Underfloor System and PV Regulation -- 4 Barriers to SAHP Integration -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Bespoke Method for Installation of VIPs on Building Walls and Their Performance -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Retrofit Approach and Case-Study Building -- 3 VIP's Properties, Assembling Method and Installation Challenges -- 4 Operational Data and Results -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- The Value of CSP with Thermal Energy Storage in Providing Flexible Electric Power -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Operating Strategy Algorithms -- 3.1 Non-Matching Algorithm -- 3.2 Matching Algorithm -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Design, Realization, and Preliminary Tests of a Three-Dimensional Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) Solar Cooker in Abidjan (C�ote d'Ivoire) -- 1 Introduction.

2 Design and Realization of the Three-Dimensional CPC Collector -- 3 Experimental Study of the CPC Solar Cooker -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Solar-to-Work Conversion from Meteorological Data -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Maximum Work Out of Blackbody Isotropic Radiation -- 3 Application to Actual Solar Radiation Data -- References -- Identifying Optimal Nanofluid Synthesis Conditions for Applications in Solar Thermal Concentrators -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 2.1 Synthesis of Nanofluid -- 2.2 UV-Vis Characterization -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Effect of Nanoparticle Concentration on Nanofluid Spectral Transmittance -- 3.2 Effect of Sonication Duration on Spectral Properties of Nanofluid -- 3.3 Long-Term Stability of Nanofluid with Continuous Stirring -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Thermal Energy Storage Technologies for Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources and EU Project HEART -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sensible Storage Technologies -- 3 Latent Storage Technologies -- 4 Thermochemical Storage Technologies -- 5 HEART Project -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Vacuum Insulation Panels for Thermal Energy Storage Systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Model -- 2.1 Boundary Conditions -- 2.2 Vacuum Insulation Panels -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Modelling of Heat Pump System with Air and Solar Heat Sources Including Latent Thermal Energy Storage -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Systems Description -- 3 System Modelling -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Battery Storage: An Enabler for Utility and Grid Dynamics -- 1 Indian Power Sector-Status Quo and Projections (Fig. 1) -- 2 Government Commitments -- 3 Concerns and Utilities and DISCOM -- 4 Storage as an Enabler: Focus-Utilities and DISCOMs (Fig. 3) -- 5 Case for ESS-Transmission Investment Deferral -- 6 Case for ESS at Distribution Side.

6.1 Major Benefits of ESS at Feeder/DT Level with Solar PV Penetration -- 6.1.1 Distribution Upgrade Deferral (Fig. 6) -- 6.1.2 System-Wide Peak Saving Benefits -- 6.1.3 Power Quality Savings -- 7 Case for Storage-Distribution Utilities -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Performance, Modelling, Measurement and Simulation of Energy Efficiency for Heat Exchanger, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Earth-Energy Systems (EESs) -- 2.1 The Cooling Cycle -- 2.2 Function of the GSHP Circuit -- 2.3 Free Cooling -- 2.4 Refrigeration and Heat Pumps -- 2.5 System Performance -- 2.6 Vapour Compression Refrigeration -- 2.7 Refrigerant Properties -- 2.8 Cooling Mode -- 2.9 Heat Pump Antifreeze -- 3 Air Distribution -- 3.1 Some Definitions -- 3.1.1 Horizontal Collector -- 3.1.2 Antifreeze -- 3.1.3 Refrigerant -- 3.1.4 Heat Exchanger -- 3.1.5 Slinky -- 3.1.6 Passive Heat Exchange -- 3.2 Some Refrigeration Characteristics -- 3.3 The Ideal Refrigeration Cycle -- 3.4 Real Refrigeration Systems -- 3.4.1 Isentropic Compressor Efficiency -- 3.4.2 Condenser Subcooling -- 3.5 Refrigerant Properties (Charts and Tables) -- 3.6 Pressure Drops in Evaporator and Condenser -- 3.7 Refrigeration System Performance Improvement -- 3.8 Multiple Compression Using Flash Chambers -- 3.9 Diagram of Multiple Compressions Using Flash Chamber -- 4 Discussions -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Effect of Natural and Forced Ventilation on Drying of Kiwi in an Indirect Solar Dryer -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Description of the Solar Dryer -- 3 The Thermal Performance Results -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Energy and Exergy Performance Comparison of Three Different Solar Cookers Using Different Loads -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimental Methodology -- 3 Thermal Analysis -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References.

Experimental Investigation of Solar Still with Corrugated Absorber Surface for Domestic Desalination Use.

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